Everything about The Liberal Revolution Of 1820 totally explained
The
Liberal Revolution of 1820 (
Revolução Liberal) was a political revolution that erupted in
1820, unchained via a military insurrection in the city of
Porto, northern
Portugal, that spread to the rest of the country. The 1820 liberal revolution initiated the constitutional period in which the approval of the 1822
Constitution took place. The new
liberalist ideas had an influence upon the Portuguese society and political organization.
Historical background
From 1807 to 1811, the
Napoleonic French forces invaded Portugal for three times. As a result, the Portuguese Royal Family fled to the Portuguese colony of
Brazil, where it remained until 1821, the period of the liberal revolution. From Brazil, the Portuguese king
João VI ruled his
huge empire for 13 years. The turmoil aroused in Portugal and the defeat of the occupation French forces in Portugal, put an end to his long stay in the Portuguese territory of Brazil. The city of
Porto, with a strong, dynamic bourgeoisie and faithful to its liberal tradition, was the place from where the Liberal Revolution arose in 1820.
The revolution and the aftermath
Influenced by the recent Liberal Revolution in Spain on January 1, 1820, a liberal revolution started in Porto, quickly spreading without resistance to several other Portuguese cities and towns, culminating with the revolt of Lisbon. The revolutionaries demanded the immediate return of the Royal Court to
mainland Portugal in order to "restore the metropolitan dignity". In fact, the liberal revolution of 1820 forced the return of
John VI of Portugal. It was also demanded a
constitutional monarchy to be set up in Portugal. Finally, the revolutionaries wanted to restore Portuguese exclusivity of trade with Brazil, reverting Brazil to the status of a colony (officially the "
Principality of Brazil") instead of
Kingdom of Brazil which was one of the constituent parts of the
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves.
After João VI returned to Portugal in 1821 due to the Liberal Revolution of 1820 that had erupted in the city of
Porto, his heir-apparent
Pedro became regent of the Kingdom of Brazil. Following a series of
political events and disputes, Brazil conquered its independence from Portugal on
September 7,
1822. On
October 12,
1822, Pedro was acclaimed as the first Emperor of Brazil. He was crowned on
December 1,
1822.
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